BPD is barrels of oil equivalent per day, a common energy-equivalent unit across oil, gas, coal, nuclear and renewable sources, not literal oil barrels. One boe ≈ 1,700 kWh.

Countries: 2024 total primary-energy production and consumption, from US EIA. Annual totals divided by 366 days.

Amber diamonds: selected major oil and gas extraction fields from Global Energy Monitor’s March 2026 tracker. Cluster badges group nearby fields at world scale. Hover for dated reported oil output, or the absence of it; design capacity is always labelled separately. This is an initial selected field layer, not a complete census. A field’s source record identifies the location, operating-status evidence and observation years. Oil field output in physical barrels/day is not the same accounting basis as a country’s primary-energy boe/day. No summing across field, country and electricity layers.

Filled circles: historical observed electricity production (2013–2019), converted to oil-equivalent BPD. Hollow circles: modelled daily generation for additional historically geolocated power plants with installed MW but no measured output. Estimated BPD assumes operation at a typical fuel-specific capacity factor calibrated against other plants where possible. Every hover includes a scenario range. These are estimates, not verified production, forecasts or measured 2026 output. Some sites may no longer be operating. Never add mapped stations to national primary-energy totals; these are different accounting boundaries.

Estimate method: Typical 2024 global fuel capacity factors for solar, wind, gas, coal, hydro and nuclear from Ember annual data, supplemented by explicit assumptions for other fuels. The model blends these with robust medians of 2013–2019 WRI observations, favouring same-country plants when there are at least eight comparable examples, then regional, then global readings. Formula: installed MW × 24 hours × assumed utilisation × 1,000 ÷ approximately 1,700 kWh/boe. Scenario bounds illustrate alternative utilisation assumptions, not statistical confidence intervals. This model does not account for individual technology, dispatch, downtime, plant age or commissioning/retirement. WRI explains fuel-specific estimation limitations, particularly for gas generators.